Embedded discrete fracture modeling and application in reservoir simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing reservoir simulation of conventional and unconventional fractured reservoirs. Pdf surfacebased reservoir modelling for flow simulation. Grids in subsurface modeling chapter 3 an introduction to. Direct geostatistical simulation on unstructured grids. Application of fluxcorrected transport to an unstructured.
The fully implicit solution method has been successfully applied to reservoir simulation with unstructured grids. Part of the quantitative geology and geostatistics book series qgag, volume 14. A popular unstructured grid is the perpendicular bisector pebi grid. There are many books that describe mathematical models for flow in porous. A small reservoir in the sulige gas field is also simulated.
Surfacebased reservoir modelling for flow simulation. The skin factor method is the simplest method of simulating reservoir production in an early numerical simulation of oil and gas reservoir production and involves adding a negative skin factor near the wellbore. A strong feature of the methods is the ability to handle media inhomogeneities in combination with full. An unstructured or irregular grid is a tessellation of a part of the euclidean plane or euclidean space by simple shapes, such as triangles or tetrahedra, in an irregular pattern. The use unstructured meshes in reservoir simulation date from the 1980 decade. Rapid simulation of naturally fractured unconventional. Structured versus unstructured pebi grids in reservoir. A control volume scheme for flexible grids for reservoir simulation. Grids of this type may be used in finite element analysis when the input to be analyzed has an irregular shape. In a more traditional way, numerical models are also used for forward reservoir simulation and history matching.
New geologic grids for robust geostatistical reservoir modeling. The increasing sophistication of data preparation and solver technology indicates a move towards unstructured grids as a general method of solving the flow equations for a given reservoir simulation problem. Knutandreas lie an introduction to reservoir simulation using matlab user guide for the matlab reservoir simulation toolbox mrst december. The sequential method for the blackoil reservoir simulation. Transmissibility upscaling on unstructured grids for highly. A musthave handbook for anyone involved in reservoir simulation, reservoir simulation will help the reader decide when and how to use simulation for forecasting performance. The module implementes the multiscale mixed finiteelement msmfe method on unstructured grids in 3d. Debonis lewis research center cleveland, ohio nasatmi06633 a method for flow simulation about complex geometries using both structured and unstructure00rios nasa.
Multipoint flux approximation methods for quadrilateral grids. Simulation of gas transport in tightshale gas reservoirs by a multicomponent model based on pebi grid longjun zhang 1, daolun li 1,2, lei wang 3 and detang lu 1. Even though the art of reservoir simulation has evolved through more than four. With recent advances in data structures and linear solver technologies, fully unstructured grids have gained attention in reservoir simulation. If you use mrst to write a scientific publication, we request that you cite the mrst book or one of our overview papers. Applications for petroleum reservoir simulation and reservoirwell coupling are key activities. Introduction to reservoir simulation as practiced in industry. Reservoir simulation is efficiently computed based on the drainage volume information from the unstructured grid system using fmm, and the simulation results are validated with finitedifference based and finitevolume based numerical results. These new geological grids allow the construction of robust reservoir models whatever the structural complexity of the reservoir. A method for flow simulation about complex geometries using. To this end, we introduce data structures to represent fluid behavior, the reservoir state, boundary conditions, source terms, and wells. These grids are inherently better suited for the representation of the complex three dimensional reservoir geometry and connectivity than the layered and structured grids commonly used in commercial simulators.
Incompressible solvers for singlephase flow chapter 5. To date, while there are a wide variety of property modeling tools for structured grids, one of the main obstacles to reservoir simulation on unstructured grids is how to transfer these from the geocellular grid to an unstructured grid in a consistent and conservative fashion. The book also teaches grid coarsening, upscaling, and flow diagnostics. Knutandreas lie an introduction to reservoir simulation using matlab user guide for the matlab reservoir simulation toolbox mrst december 16, 2015 sintef ict, departement of applied mathematics oslo, norway page. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement lgr and unstructured. The idea is the same as for the msfv method, except that one here uses a mixed formulation in which the multiscale basis functions prolongation operators are. An elementbased finite volume formulation for reservoir. Generation of hybrid grids for simulation of complex, unstructured reservoirs by a simulator with mpfa authors michael brewer. Structured versus unstructured pebi grids in reservoir modeling and simulation bogdan balan, schlumberger gss abstract application of unstructuredirregular grids in reservoir simulation is one of the most important concepts that have been developed in the past decade 1. Pdf mathematical models for oil reservoir simulation. Structured and unstructured grids for anisotropic, inhomogeneous. Embedded discrete fracture modeling and application in reservoir. Modeling scalar variables on unstructured grids john g. This work presents the implementation of an ebfvm formulation using unstructured grids for tridimensional compositional reservoir simulation in conjunction with an impec approach.
On the other hand, reservoir simulation is increasingly seen as part of a decisionmaking process rather than an isolated activity, so the. The first two papers describe the objectoriented automatic differentiation framework in mrst, whereas the third paper explains how to implement discretizations and incompressible solvers over unstructured grids, using a procedural approach. Discretization methods are proposed for controlvolume formulations on polygonal and triangular grid cells in two space dimensions. Developments within unstructured grids, hybrid grids. The idea is the same as for the msfv method, except that one here uses a mixed formulation in which the multiscale basis functions prolongation operators are associated with coarse faces rather than blocks. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids typically, oil, water, and gas through porous media under the model in the broad scientific sense of the word, they understand a real or mentally created structure that reproduces or reflects the object being studied. Pdf reservoir modeling for flow simulation using surfaces. Discretization on unstructured grids for inhomogeneous. It requires grids that allow an accurate representation of the near well flow, that preserve geological accuracy and offer flexible resolution control. An introduction to reservoir simulation using matlabgnu.
Discrete fracture modeling and application in reservoir simulation. Although simple to use, conventional cartesian grids, commonly employed in petroleum reservoir simulation, cannot produce accurate modeling of most of the aforementioned geometric features. New geologic grids for robust geostatistical reservoir. Seeking for generality and flexibility, curvilinear grids and unstructured grids. Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation. However, for more complex flows, the adaptivity facilitated by an unstructured grid may allow more accurate solutions. Under the model in the broad scientific sense of the word, they understand a real or mentally created structure that reproduces or reflects the object being studied. Discretization on unstructured grids for inhomogeneous, anisotropic media. J application of a new twophase upscaling technique to realistic reservoir cross sections.
Pdf unstructured gridding and consistent discretizations for. Flow diagnostics on fully unstructured grids heriotwatt. Petroleum reservoir simulators were, until recently, developed using finite difference schemes in cartesian grids. The continuous increase in computing power makes it possible to integrate smaller and smaller heterogeneities into geological models of up to tens of millions of cells. Generation of hybrid grids for simulation of complex. The reader will learn how to implement reservoir simulation models and computational algorithms in a robust and efficient manner. Edfm for fieldscale reservoir simulation with complex cornerpoint grids 8.
Unstructured grids are commonly used in reservoir modeling and are being increasingly considered in complex mining engineering applications. Incompressible solvers for singlephase flow chapter 5 an. A method for flow simulation about complex geometries. The book contains a large number of numerical examples, all fully equipped with online code and data, allowing the reader to reproduce results, and. Use next generation simulators that honors geology with unstructured grids. The convergence characteristic of fmm on unstructured grids is investigated. Embedded discrete fracture modeling and application in. However, the complexity of the fully implicit method and the irregularity of the grids result in a very complicated structure of linear equation systems less and in high computational cost to solve them.
For reservoir simulation using the blackoil model on unstructured grids, only the fully implicit solution method has been used for solving the governing equations of this. The methods are applicable for any system of conservation laws where the flow density is defined by a gradient law, like darcys law for porousmedia flow. On the other hand, reservoir simulation is increasingly seen as part of a decisionmaking process rather than an isolated activity, so the ability to map easily onto the generally regular data structures used in seismic and geological modeling becomes an important issue. User guide for the matlab reservoir simulation toolbox mrst.
Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids typically, oil, water, and gas through porous media. To run the simulation, this area needs to be organized as a mesh, so a set of connected cells which covers the area has to be created. Block kriging of the attributes can be easily implemented. This allows using variations of the same model for pta, rta and history matching.
Get a full overview of developments in petroleum science book series. Upscaled unstructured computational grids for efficient. One critical point of modeling of flow in porous media is the capacity to consider parameters that are highly variable in space. Deutsch an outstanding issue in geostatistics research is the extension of modeling algorithms to unstructured grids, which are being used for reservoir flow analysis.
Jul 25, 2006 2018 reservoir simulation of fractured media in compressible singlephase flow in 2d, 2. Unstructured gridding and consistent discretizations for reservoirs. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering that, combining physics, mathematics, and computer programming to a reservoir model allows the analysis and the prediction of the fluid behavior in the reservoir over time it can be simply considered as the process of mimicking the behavior of fluid flow in a. Appendices discuss handcalculation methods that can be used to check simulation answers, the mathematics of simulation, and regression techniques useful in the history of. Additionally, they guarantee the accurate mapping and upscaling of reservoir properties into either structured or unstructured flow simulation grids. An introduction to the numerics of flow in porous media using. Maliska is devoted to the development of numerical methods for the solution of navier stokes and darcys equations using the ebfvmelementbased finite volume methods with hybrid unstructured grids. Grids of this type may be used in finite element analysis when the input to be analyzed has an irregular shape unlike structured grids, unstructured grids require a list of the connectivity which specifies the way. For simpler problem such as airfoil single element or an isolated wing, structured grids are generally more accurate per unknown than unstructured. An introduction to reservoir simulation using matlab sintef. Mrst is a free opensource software for reservoir modelling and simulation, developed primarily by the computational geosciences group in the department of mathematics and cybernetics at sintef digital. Currently, this type of grids is being gradually adopted in reservoir simulation, because actual petroleum reservoirs frequently exhibit such complex geometries and intricate geological features that only can be represented accurately with unstructured grids. An introduction to reservoir simulation using matlabgnu octave.
Introduction to reservoir simulation analytical and numerical. Rozon 1989 used the cvfem control volume finite element method, developed originally by baliga and patankar 1980 to computational fluid dynamics, to simulate a monophase flow. The matlab reservoir simulation toolbox, provides new methods and concepts on unstructured grids, can be applied to large and complex systems. F urther challenges are encountered as fully unstructured grids are.
Unstructured quad grid generation and grid management for. Complex, unstructured grids with many obscure challenges. Though this concept was introduced to the petroleum industry as. Petroleum reservoir simulation using finite volume method with nonstructured grids and parallel distributed computing neyval c. A basic edfm approach using cartesian grids and advanced edfm approach using corner point and unstructured grids will be covered.
The matlab reservoir simulation toolbox mrst sintef. Application of the unstructured grids in the numerical. Local grid refinements are also a feature provided by many simulators to more accurately represent the near wellbore multiphase flow effects. Pebigrids used for reservoir simulations are discussed by verma and. Mapping geocellular models to unstructured simulation grids. It is then very challenging to simulate numerically fluid flow on such heterogeneous porous media. T1 2d compositional reservoir simulation using unstructured grids in heterogeneous reservoirs jo blucher mechanical engineering proceedings vl 1 is 1 sp 1455 ep 1474 py 2014 t2 10th world congress on computational mechanics au b.
Theoretically, finite difference models permit discretization of the reservoir using both structured and more complex unstructured grids to accurately represent the geometry of the reservoir. We then explain in detail how the twopoint flux approximation tpfa scheme is implemented in mrst for general unstructured grids. Zhang z, geiger s, rood m, jacquemyn c, jackson md, hampson gj et al. The first application of unstructured grids in the petroleum reservoir area. Unstructured grids are commonly used in reservoir modeling and are being. Dynamic flowbased pebi grids for reservoir simulation. Transmissibility upscaling on unstructured grids for. While the grid generation process is trivial for regular grids, it is more complex in case of unstructured grids. This textbook is only one of the tools to teach the reservoir simulation.
Tpg4160 reservoir simulation 2018 lecture note 1 norwegian university of science and technology professor jon kleppe department of petroleum engineering and applied geophysics 8. An interesting application of unstructured grids is the ability to adapt the grid to the time scales and special details of the model. Direct geostatistical simulation on unstructured grids springerlink. Matlab reservoir simulation toolbox mrst, which has been developed. A method for flow simulation about complex geometries using both structured and unstructured grids james r. The software has a large international user base and also includes thirdparty modules developed by researchers from heriotwatt university, ntnu, university of bergen, tno, and tu delft. Unstructured cutcell grids for modeling complex reservoirs. Black oil applied simulation tool, it is a numerical simulator to estimate the pressure destitution for a certain time to calculate the saturation destitution. Simulation of gas transport in tightshale gas reservoirs. Unstructured grids the choice of whether to use a structured or an unstructured mesh is very problem specific as well as companylab specific. Reservoir modeling for flow simulation using surfaces adaptive unstructured meshes and controlvolumefiniteelement methods.